Sunday, May 24, 2020

The, An Unemployed 34 Year Old Male - 1376 Words

Moniker, an unemployed 34 year old male, has never been able to maintain consistent and deep relationships. For his whole life, he has lived with his mother, a la ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬wyer who often traveled the country to argue high-profile cases that obtain much media coverage to the public. Because of the pressure for Moniker’s mother to succeed in these cases, limited attention was provided to him by his mother, especially during his childhood years. Moniker constantly blames his inability to acquire a job on his mother’s lack of affection in his formative years, and is asked by her to receive treatment in a therapeutic setting. All phrases in quotations are directly quoted from the client or the people interviewed about the client. In Moniker’s first session, he greets me with a hug and kiss on the cheek. He is dressed in a tight-fitting t-shirt and skinny jeans, and seems to be a moderately attractive individual. In his speech, he is extremely friendly, as if we had known one another for a long time, but uses words outside of colloquial speech. Moniker begins by explaining more of his history. He had never been a good student, consistently getting Cs in school, and failing out of college after just 2 semesters. Moniker attributes this to his constant tiredness and sickness. He explains that every now and then he gets so sick that he cannot function in class or social environments, so it has been difficult for him to maintain a solid academic record or a career. He has rarelyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Nepotism Rule in Finding a Job1634 Words   |  7 Pagesunemployment rates close to twice the norm and even with the number of 140.000 new jobs every month in the year 2012. It is still not enough to bring the rate of unemployment back down to its low within the period of 10 years. For each available position the ratio is almost at 6 unemployed people making competition in career fields harder than ever. Not only is it hard for those who are unemployed to get a job but those who are employed are under the pressure of getting fired. With the rate of layoffsRead MoreWhat Is A Small Town?937 Words   |  4 Pages3,713 residents. The population is divided 50/50 for females (1,855) and males (1,858). The median age is 43.7 years old for males it is 43 years old and for females it is 49.1 years old. The median income of the town is averaged around $69,389 for families and the mean income is $73,668 with a per capita of $23,822. For non-family households the median is $25,208 and the mean is $29,377. The earnings of a full-time and year round workers is different between men and women; for men it is $40,745Read MoreControversy Of Sex Changes And The Rights Of Transgenders1335 Words   |  6 Pages‘sex change’- a series of medical procedures that includes hormone therapy and actual genital transformation surgery. The procedures are extensive and taxing and, not to mention, very expensive. The cost for male to female reassignment is usually $7,000 to $24,000, while the cost for female to male reassignment can exceed $50,000. The issue is that most of these people cannot live the lives they wish to lead- before and after their sex change. Many Americans lack the proper understanding and knowledgeRead MoreYouth Unemployment and Crime2379 Words   |  10 PagesThe causes and consequences of youth unemployment in Australia has been of particular concern within both government and private sectors for many years. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 10.9% of the total 15-24 age population was unemployed in September, 1995. This figure climbed to 15.3% in September, 2003. This evidence gives cause to the growing concern surrounding the increase in youth unemployment. For sizeable numbers of youth, its not going to get any easier to findRead MoreThe Equal Employment Opportunity Act1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe Equal Employment Opportunity Act or, EEO Act of 1972, established a goal to make racial, ethnic, and gender minorities on the same level of white males in employment (â€Å"Equal Empl oyment†). This was because of the dominance that white males held in the workplace and the struggle for minorities to get and keep a job, sometimes due to discrimination. Through this act, Affirmative Action was established to ensure that a certain amount of minorities were able to get a quality education and to get jobsRead MoreShould College Degree Be A Successful Career?1451 Words   |  6 Pagescareer. This is a question she asks herself on a regular basis, while she works full time, and takes time away from her family. She sits and wonders daily if studying will provide her and her family a better life, and she doesn’t think she is alone. Years ago when a person graduated from college it would pretty much guarantee them getting a good job with a decent income. Education usually gave people better opportunities for advancement in their careers. In today’s workforce eight out of ten retailRead MoreThe purpose of this investigation was to research what the impact of the Adelaide Fringe had on us700 Words   |  3 Pagesconcerts, 41 children’s events and 64 special events, in 2014. The Fringe has a big impact on us globally; one of the main reasons that the Fringe is so important is that it gives jobs to hundreds of people. Without the Fringe many people would be unemployed which would have big impact one businesses, families and everyone in the world. The Adelaide Fringe has an effect on us locally and nationally as it offers people of all ages the opportunity to embark on a fun, humorous and exciting night withRead MoreUnemployment Is A Measure Of Unemployment1532 Words   |  7 Pagesas a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by individuals currently in the labour force. In a 2011, Business Week Reported, â€Å"More than two hundred (200) million people globally are out of work, a record high, as almost two-third of advanced economies and half of developing economies are experiencing a slowdown in employment growth. According to Jhingan (2001), unemployment can be conceived as the number of people who are unemployed in an economy, often given as a percentageRead MoreCompare and contrast India and Chinas population1547 Words   |  7 Pagesnatural resources and fossil fuels are used up. There is also a shortage of jobs. China has a population of 1.31 billion people. In 2003, the total of number of unemployed people in China was 744,320,000. The World Bank said that the total unemployment level was close to 10%, though that is only the number of people who are registered as unemployed. The real figure would be substantially greater. China is faced with, because of overpopulation, lack of space. Approximately 137 people live on each squareRead MoreThe Issue Of Gender Income Inequality1060 Words   |  5 Pagesincome inequality in terms of age, the outcomes, and the solutions for income inequality. 1. Issue Discussion There are a large number of issues concerning income gender inequality in regards to age that are occurring in Australia within the past few years. Corresponding to the information by Australian Bureau of Statistics (Cited in Workplace Gender Equality Agency, 2015,p.3), the gender pay gap difference between both genders in Australia is currently 18.8% and has been static between 15% and 19% for

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

The Bust Of Carol Janeway - 1315 Words

The Bust of Carol Janeway (1943) is a bronze sculpture of an abstracted female half-figure with a long facial expression. Her head is tilted to the right and her face is pointed towards the ground. Only the right side of her face can be recognized as a female head. The back left side of her head has been whipped out only showing her hair and is facing the viewer. The front left side of her head is flat and shows the nose, left eye, and part of the hair. The right eyeball is rolled up into the lids, but an eyeball is still shown. The left eye is replaced by a flat surface with a pointed protruding eyebrow. The harsh line on the eyebrow flattens at the base of the nose and travels down the right side of her face, outlining the nose. She has curly hair that is pulled back into a layered bun. She has a chin that comes to a point at the bottom. The left side of her face is separated from her chin with a sharp line the follows her jaw line. Her neck is irregularly long and thick. It is abo ut the same width as her head. Her shoulders are broad and uneven to each other. They are rested to look as if the figure has just let out a sigh. The right shoulder is flat of on the outer side and the left shoulder is rounded. Her left arm stops a little past her forearm on the wooden base. Her right arm is about double the length of her torso and is curled to her chest. In her right hand she holds the pendant of a necklace between her thumb and index finger, which is inscribed with a dove. The

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Chartes Cathedral 1 Free Essays

Entering Chartres Cathedral Through the Central Portal In the town of Chartres about 50 miles southwest of Paris, is where the Chartres Cathedral is located and can be seen for miles as it is the tallest structure and was built on the highest point of the town. Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Chartres is its formal name but since the majority of the French Cathedrals were dedicated to the Virgin Mary, to avoid confusion the cathedrals are referred to the town to which they belong. The Chartres Cathedral has portals on the northern, southern, and western sides of the building. We will write a custom essay sample on Chartes Cathedral 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each of the Portals has three enormous doors that are surrounded by sculptures depicting scenes from the life of Jesus and Mary as well as a Colossal Rose Window, which is above the doors. The Western Portal also called the Royal Portal is the oldest part of the church and mostly built in the Romanesque Style that was a precursor of Gothic. After a fire in The southern transept portals’ sculptures are of the New Testament and depict scenes from the Last Judgment while the Rose Window is a stain glass masterpiece of The Glorification of Christ. As you approach the central door, you are greeted by a statue of Jesus holding a book in one hand and appearing to be giving a blessing with his other, as his Disciples flank him on both sides of the jamb. The statue of Jesus is on the trumeau which is a column supporting a tympanum of a doorway at its center. Once through the door you are in the southern transept. This section of the cathedral is an arm of the Latin Cross that is the floor plan of all cathedrals. Just ahead is the Crossing, to your left is a side aisle of the nave, and to your right are the double aisles that lead to the area that is the back area of the Apse. The Apse is a rounded end (semi-circle) of a cathedral, church, or building that demonstrates its importance. Chartres Cathedral was constructed with double aisles to accommodate the large number of pilgrims who visited daily and who would pray in the Chapels. The back part of the Apse houses the Choir Screen, Choir Aisle (the first aisle), the Ambulatory (the second aisle), and seven Radiating Chapels. As you journeying towards the Apse, the next section that you will traverse is called the Crossing. This area is the center of the Latin Cross in the floor plan. There are four massive columns that are as big as the North American Red Woods that mark the four corners. These columns were carved to appear to be a cluster of many smaller columns to give the appearance of being lighter in mass that they really are. As your eye follows the columns up you notice the Triforium an area of arches that form a gallery or an arcade, and the Clerestory the section that has the most stain glass windows to allow daylight into the interior. These areas form the upper two levels of the Nave in the Cathedral. As your gaze continues upward you then began to notice the rib vaults that form the ceiling. As your eyes follow the ribs downward you notice the Piers that seem to sprout out of the columns that support the upper levels as well as the roof. Turning toward the right you are now facing the Choir this is the area that leads to the Apse. You have arrived. The Apse is cordon off by a low wrought iron prayer fence. This area is elevated by a series of wide steps that allow seating for the Leaders of the Cathedral, Alter, candles and other items used during Mass. There are 15 stain glass windows on the Clerestory level and approximately 60 on the Triforium level creating a Bay that illuminates the Apse. A Comparison of Giotto’s Arena Chapel Nativity with that of Pisano in the Pisa Baptistery Pulpit Giovanni Pisano (1250 – 1315) and Giotto di Bondone (1266 – 1337) were contemporaries who are credited as geniuses of the Italian Renaissance because they both produced works that were correctly created from the natural world. The natural stances, proportions, and folds of the material are evident in each of their works. Gone are the elongated bodies and stylized pleats and patterns of the Byzantine style, which preceded the Renaissance Giovanni was an Italian sculpture, painter, and architect who received his training from his famous father Nicola Pisano. Giovanni worked as his father’s apprentice up until his death (1284) this is when his sculptures began to have a more natural appearance. It is believed that Giotto was discovered by the Florentine Cimabue painter discovered Giotto drawing pictures of his sheep on a rock. They were so lifelike that Cimabue asked his father if he could take the boy as an apprentice. Giotto was a painter, sculpture, and architecture, who is considered the first of the Italian Renaissance. Although Giovanni and Giotto worked in different mediums, the breadths of their works are of traditional religious subject. Giovanni’s Pisano Pisa Baptistery Pulpit is hexagonal functional sculpture carved from marble that is divided into three sections. The lower register has lions and other figures, with the lions depicted as vanquishing prey – a Romanesque symbol for Christianity triumphing over paganism. The middle level depicts personified Virtues and Prophets, and the upper, has reliefs depicting events in the life of Christ. Giotto’s Nativity scene is one of 53 Frescos painted for the Arena Chapel that displays a host of Angels, shepherds, animals, Joseph asleep in the foreground, while a relaxing Mary and the Midwife place a swaddled infant Jesus into the manger. There is a similar scene in high relief of a reclining Mary and swaddled Jesus on one of the upper panels of the Baptistery Pulpit. It took Giovanni about 8 years to complete the pulpit while it took Giotto 5 years for the whole Chapel. Although one may think that a painting is easier that a sculpture, the technique for creating a fresco is time consuming due to the need of only applying the wet plaster to the area of the wall to be painted in small patches. All the while temperature and atmospheric conditions could alter the paint as well as the drying time. Any areas that had a mistake would have to be cut out and the process would begin anew. The Baptistery Pulpit and the Nativity scene are both in some state of disrepair but to attempt to rectify this may further damage and take away from these great mater pieces. Another notable similarity between the two pieces is the use of the chiaroscuro technique. This is the use of deep variations in and subtle gradations of light and shade, especially to enhance the delineation of character and for general dramatic effect. A few places in the Nativity scene Giotto used were to create the folds in the clothing and the crags seen on the mountains of the background. Giovanni was able to show this technique through the deep carvings, which cast shadows creating the light and dark areas. Both pieces are filled with symbolism such as the personification of Fortitude on the middle level of the pulpit as Hercules and the painted ass that represents the unenlightened and the ignorant for it’s failure to recognize the significance of the moment. Both works were commissioned not only to beautify their surroundings, but also to inspire and to educate through an emotional experience by viewing the realistic scenes. References http://images. library. pitt. edu/cgi-bin/i/image http://www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/panos/Chartres/nave/ http://www. medievalart. org. k/Chartres/Chartres_default. htm http://upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Basilique_Saint-Denis_01. jpg http://www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/html/medieval_chartres_ntransept. htm http://classics. uc. edu/~johnson/hum98/chartres-intext. asp http://teach2thrill. blogspot. com/2011/12/chartres-cathedral. html http://www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/panos/Chartres/crossing/ http://www. sacred-destinations. com/f rance/chartres-cathedral http://www. medart. pitt. edu/image/France/Chartres/Chartres-Cathedral/Windows/Transept-windows/122A-South-Rose/Chartres-122SouthRose. HTM http://www. GreatBuildings. com/cgi-bin/gbi. cgi/Chartres_Cathedral. html/cid_aj2831_b. html http://www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/html/medieval_chartres_ambulatory. htm http://www. medart. pitt. edu/image/France/Chartres/Chartres-Cathedral/Architecture/Interior/Main-Level/Main-Int-Frame. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Giovanni_Pisano http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nicola_Pisano http://www. ibiblio. org/wm/paint/auth/giotto/ http://www. wga. hu/frames-e. html? /html/g/giotto/padova/index. html http://www. bluffton. edu/~sullivanm/italy/pisa/baptistrypulpit/pulpit. html How to cite Chartes Cathedral 1, Papers

Chartes Cathedral 1 Free Essays

Entering Chartres Cathedral Through the Central Portal In the town of Chartres about 50 miles southwest of Paris, is where the Chartres Cathedral is located and can be seen for miles as it is the tallest structure and was built on the highest point of the town. Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Chartres is its formal name but since the majority of the French Cathedrals were dedicated to the Virgin Mary, to avoid confusion the cathedrals are referred to the town to which they belong. The Chartres Cathedral has portals on the northern, southern, and western sides of the building. We will write a custom essay sample on Chartes Cathedral 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each of the Portals has three enormous doors that are surrounded by sculptures depicting scenes from the life of Jesus and Mary as well as a Colossal Rose Window, which is above the doors. The Western Portal also called the Royal Portal is the oldest part of the church and mostly built in the Romanesque Style that was a precursor of Gothic. After a fire in The southern transept portals’ sculptures are of the New Testament and depict scenes from the Last Judgment while the Rose Window is a stain glass masterpiece of The Glorification of Christ. As you approach the central door, you are greeted by a statue of Jesus holding a book in one hand and appearing to be giving a blessing with his other, as his Disciples flank him on both sides of the jamb. The statue of Jesus is on the trumeau which is a column supporting a tympanum of a doorway at its center. Once through the door you are in the southern transept. This section of the cathedral is an arm of the Latin Cross that is the floor plan of all cathedrals. Just ahead is the Crossing, to your left is a side aisle of the nave, and to your right are the double aisles that lead to the area that is the back area of the Apse. The Apse is a rounded end (semi-circle) of a cathedral, church, or building that demonstrates its importance. Chartres Cathedral was constructed with double aisles to accommodate the large number of pilgrims who visited daily and who would pray in the Chapels. The back part of the Apse houses the Choir Screen, Choir Aisle (the first aisle), the Ambulatory (the second aisle), and seven Radiating Chapels. As you journeying towards the Apse, the next section that you will traverse is called the Crossing. This area is the center of the Latin Cross in the floor plan. There are four massive columns that are as big as the North American Red Woods that mark the four corners. These columns were carved to appear to be a cluster of many smaller columns to give the appearance of being lighter in mass that they really are. As your eye follows the columns up you notice the Triforium an area of arches that form a gallery or an arcade, and the Clerestory the section that has the most stain glass windows to allow daylight into the interior. These areas form the upper two levels of the Nave in the Cathedral. As your gaze continues upward you then began to notice the rib vaults that form the ceiling. As your eyes follow the ribs downward you notice the Piers that seem to sprout out of the columns that support the upper levels as well as the roof. Turning toward the right you are now facing the Choir this is the area that leads to the Apse. You have arrived. The Apse is cordon off by a low wrought iron prayer fence. This area is elevated by a series of wide steps that allow seating for the Leaders of the Cathedral, Alter, candles and other items used during Mass. There are 15 stain glass windows on the Clerestory level and approximately 60 on the Triforium level creating a Bay that illuminates the Apse. A Comparison of Giotto’s Arena Chapel Nativity with that of Pisano in the Pisa Baptistery Pulpit Giovanni Pisano (1250 – 1315) and Giotto di Bondone (1266 – 1337) were contemporaries who are credited as geniuses of the Italian Renaissance because they both produced works that were correctly created from the natural world. The natural stances, proportions, and folds of the material are evident in each of their works. Gone are the elongated bodies and stylized pleats and patterns of the Byzantine style, which preceded the Renaissance Giovanni was an Italian sculpture, painter, and architect who received his training from his famous father Nicola Pisano. Giovanni worked as his father’s apprentice up until his death (1284) this is when his sculptures began to have a more natural appearance. It is believed that Giotto was discovered by the Florentine Cimabue painter discovered Giotto drawing pictures of his sheep on a rock. They were so lifelike that Cimabue asked his father if he could take the boy as an apprentice. Giotto was a painter, sculpture, and architecture, who is considered the first of the Italian Renaissance. Although Giovanni and Giotto worked in different mediums, the breadths of their works are of traditional religious subject. Giovanni’s Pisano Pisa Baptistery Pulpit is hexagonal functional sculpture carved from marble that is divided into three sections. The lower register has lions and other figures, with the lions depicted as vanquishing prey – a Romanesque symbol for Christianity triumphing over paganism. The middle level depicts personified Virtues and Prophets, and the upper, has reliefs depicting events in the life of Christ. Giotto’s Nativity scene is one of 53 Frescos painted for the Arena Chapel that displays a host of Angels, shepherds, animals, Joseph asleep in the foreground, while a relaxing Mary and the Midwife place a swaddled infant Jesus into the manger. There is a similar scene in high relief of a reclining Mary and swaddled Jesus on one of the upper panels of the Baptistery Pulpit. It took Giovanni about 8 years to complete the pulpit while it took Giotto 5 years for the whole Chapel. Although one may think that a painting is easier that a sculpture, the technique for creating a fresco is time consuming due to the need of only applying the wet plaster to the area of the wall to be painted in small patches. All the while temperature and atmospheric conditions could alter the paint as well as the drying time. Any areas that had a mistake would have to be cut out and the process would begin anew. The Baptistery Pulpit and the Nativity scene are both in some state of disrepair but to attempt to rectify this may further damage and take away from these great mater pieces. Another notable similarity between the two pieces is the use of the chiaroscuro technique. This is the use of deep variations in and subtle gradations of light and shade, especially to enhance the delineation of character and for general dramatic effect. A few places in the Nativity scene Giotto used were to create the folds in the clothing and the crags seen on the mountains of the background. Giovanni was able to show this technique through the deep carvings, which cast shadows creating the light and dark areas. Both pieces are filled with symbolism such as the personification of Fortitude on the middle level of the pulpit as Hercules and the painted ass that represents the unenlightened and the ignorant for it’s failure to recognize the significance of the moment. Both works were commissioned not only to beautify their surroundings, but also to inspire and to educate through an emotional experience by viewing the realistic scenes. References http://images. library. pitt. edu/cgi-bin/i/image http://www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/panos/Chartres/nave/ http://www. medievalart. org. k/Chartres/Chartres_default. htm http://upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Basilique_Saint-Denis_01. jpg http://www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/html/medieval_chartres_ntransept. htm http://classics. uc. edu/~johnson/hum98/chartres-intext. asp http://teach2thrill. blogspot. com/2011/12/chartres-cathedral. html http://www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/panos/Chartres/crossing/ http://www. sacred-destinations. com/f rance/chartres-cathedral http://www. medart. pitt. edu/image/France/Chartres/Chartres-Cathedral/Windows/Transept-windows/122A-South-Rose/Chartres-122SouthRose. HTM http://www. GreatBuildings. com/cgi-bin/gbi. cgi/Chartres_Cathedral. html/cid_aj2831_b. html http://www. mcah. columbia. edu/ha/html/medieval_chartres_ambulatory. htm http://www. medart. pitt. edu/image/France/Chartres/Chartres-Cathedral/Architecture/Interior/Main-Level/Main-Int-Frame. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Giovanni_Pisano http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nicola_Pisano http://www. ibiblio. org/wm/paint/auth/giotto/ http://www. wga. hu/frames-e. html? /html/g/giotto/padova/index. html http://www. bluffton. edu/~sullivanm/italy/pisa/baptistrypulpit/pulpit. html How to cite Chartes Cathedral 1, Papers

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Drawing on what you have learned about Essay Example For Students

Drawing on what you have learned about Essay It is well served by public transport with both the Northern Line tube ND foreground rail into Victoria via Clamp Junction. Balsam is served by at least four bus routes providing links to a wide range of destinations. In addition, there is one night bus route that runs through the town centre. The street has witnessed a significant change in recent years with private sector investment assisting in upgrading the area, There are an abundance of restaurants and bars which provides evening entertainment in a fuzzy atmosphere. Despite the higher than average proportion of affluent residents, there is an unequal division of wealth and this Will form part of my discussion, particularly in relation to shopping and housing. I will then move on to discuss the inequalities that exist in the Polish immigrant community. One Of the first things that struck me When comparing the subject street to City Road was the inequality relating to the type of shops i. E. The number of branded retailers in comparison to independent traders. The Street DVD showed several examples of prosperous independents such as the Sari Shop and Exquisite Africa whereas Balsam High Road appears a clone Of most Other London high streets accommodating the usual suspects WHO Smiths, Boots, Carapace Warehouse along with Waitress and Sunbursts. A few independent shops exist but many have shut down over recent years due to unfair competitive pressure from the multiples and more recently the banks who are adding further pressure by not lending to s maller businesses. We will write a custom essay on Drawing on what you have learned about specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Learning Companion 1 asks that we bear in mind a question asked by Simon Brimley, How are inequalities produced? The obvious inequality between the busy, wealthy high street retailers that occupy prime retail space and that of he poorly stocked independents who are being pushed out tooth high street is a trend seen across the high streets in the country and came about from 1996 when the town centre first policy redirecting retail developments from out of town back into the town centers emerged. In addition, demand on time means its easier for consumers to buy everything they need in a supermarket, rather than the time consuming exercise of buying meat from the local butcher, potatoes from the market and so on. Another inequality relates to housing. Balsam High Road contains a mix of social ND private housing. The Obvious inequality here is between those that can afford to purchase their own property or rent privately and pay the associated costs (utilities, council tax etc) and those on little or no income Who cannot and require subsidized living. Further inequalities exist such as the environment and quality of these dwellings. Damp is much more common in low income homes as is overcrowding which leads to health problems and antisocial behavior. The private dwellings on Balsam High Road tend to be high spec new apartments or argue detached buildings and are all well maintained with double glazing, private parking and some with alternative energy solutions. Despite the above, it must be noted that in terms of condition of buildings, the Labor government introduced the Decent Homes Standard in 2000 and this assisted in improving the condition of public housing. This agenda is still active. It could be perceived that the inequality tends towards the private sector who are obliged to pay for the upgrade and maintenance of their properties whilst also incurring taxes etc. The final inequality I noticed is in the Polish community. There are two Polish shops, along with a community centre and a church. The Polish population in Balsam has hugely increased since 2006, though Balsam has been one Of the centers of the community in London since World War II. In order for such a presence to exist, the Polish population here at one time must have felt isolated and their needs not catered for as did the proprietor fussiest Africa.